Complacent Employee, Sharon B. Buchbinder Case Study

Smug Employee, Sharon B. Buchbinder - Case Study Example He feels ambushed with all the bustling calendar and outstanding task at hand and accepts that his work is adored by all educators and understudies. He works for extended periods and remains at school till late hours to go to all the necessities and prerequisites of the understudies in the school. He is committed to his work helping disturbed children and on occasion their families. His office is regularly loaded up with kids that should be mental help and are grieved from issue emerging from either at school or home. This case includes Miller, who is happy with is work being terminated by the organization since it expects to eliminate its cut backs and financial plans. It is during one of this meeting he gets a sudden guest. The unforeseen guest was his Boss miss Harriet who once in a while visited. It was the first run through for her to come to Miller’s office. At the point when, he saw her mill operator quickly presumed that something was wrong. Her visits to the grade sch ool were consistently concise as she just welcomed and now and again smiled to individuals and left the premises soon after. Anyway in this event she had something, to impart to Miller and, he presumed that it was something genuine. As indicated by Miller his activity involved guiding grieved kids and guaranteeing that they didn't wind up in any inept demonstration. For example, the child he was tending to in the blink of an eye before Harriet showed up was taking steps to slaughter herself by taking a few pills (Buchbinder, 380). In spite of the fact that, Miller was a diligent employee and focused completely on his primary errand of advising he wasn't right on disregarding different solutions of his work. The activity qualified him for compose reports to organization to outline his commitment to the school. In any case, he disregarded this accordingly prompting the organization to infer that he was sitting idle. In spite of the fact that he discloses to his supervisor that he is i nnovative, and works for protracted hours he wasn't right to overlook composing of reports which was noteworthy to the organization. By overlooking his obligations, and accepting the reports could hold up wasn't right. Sway additionally expected that the reports implied for the bosses were superfluous (Buchbinder, 379). This was unfavorable to his profession since some portion of the result would be him losing his employment. Without those reports, this was on the grounds that his bosses couldn't know whether he was playing out his obligations yet expect that he was sitting at his work area sitting idle. The organization method of surveying its representatives is ineffectual. This is on the grounds that nobody oversees Bob or demands for the reports. This demonstrates the shortcoming of the school organization. It doesn't have an individual touch with it workers hence prompting the circumstance, for example, Bob’s. It is just moral that when somebody commits an error for the most part in the working spot, they ought to be cautioned at any rate once before terminating them. It came as a stun to Bob when the updates on his lay off was broken to him as he didn't know. Everything was done in a short notification that didn't set him up mentally. Terrible news, for example, an individual losing an employment isn't something that ought to be done in a rushed way, for they may cause genuine repercussions (Sims, 1). The organization ought to have in any event told its workers of the arranged cutbacks. This was out of line to the workers, for example, Bob who are left jobless without an organized arrangement B. Utilizing a short notification to fire places Bob in an impossible to miss position as he accepts he has given his life to work for the school; along these lines he merits an OK treatment in spite of his blemishes. It is additionally crippling to find that the organization has just arranged a trade for Bob even before he has left. The organization has just employed the administrations of low maintenance clinician from Melville center School to take Bob’s position (Buchbinder, 380). Notwithstanding, the facts confirm that Bob’

Network Attacks in Real Time Scenario Over Campus Network

System Attacks in Real Time Scenario Over Campus Network Amit Mahajan* Vibhakar Mansotra** Unique This paper presents investigation of assaults progressively situation over the grounds arrange. The assaults were checked over a period and examinations were made. The paper examines about the reliance over the IDS/IPS marks and proposes for an answer which records the occasions with crude traffic and envisions the traffic to give better comprehension of the conduct of the traffic stream over the system. Watchwords: UTM, Attacks, Visualization, Afterglow, tcpdump. I INTRODUCTION Systems have been enduring an onslaught from the opportunity Internet appeared. There is reliably some absence of assurance associated with the impact of these assaults. In the current circumstance of PC development, any organization can have colossal machine systems of particular natures. With the headway of innovation, Organizations have begun confronting challenges because of various sorts of PC infections and assaults. This brought about gigantic loss of the inside resources like information and utility of time. In this way there is a critical need to consider these assaults and system breaks by methods for which one will have the option to devise preventive measures and in this manner ensure the inward resources. Taking into account the above destinations one needs to comprehend the systems and how they grow broadly. Likewise one needs to comprehend the assaults and penetrates. Generally the web is one of the wellsprings of the infections and assaults however frequently the nearby system is additionally a significant wellspring of dangers for grounds systems. For the most part directors and associations safe watchman their systems from outside dangers however the inward assaults and penetrates are pivotal. The IDS/IPS ( ) are introduced over the door level to filter the active and approaching traffic. Where these sort of system to examine the conduct of inside assaults is dubious. One is a lot of keen on knowing the sort of traffic stream, and its distinguishing proof and so forth in the system. This sort of approach will help the client network to receive preventive measures or at the end of the day one has get an answer by contemplating the inward assaults and system penetrates and conseque ntly how to limit and secure the inside resources . Examination of the system can be utilized as a device to filter the system traffic. The conduct of the system might be comprehended through infiltration apparatuses, reenactments and so on. On the other hand an instrument like IPS having ability of system conduct examination additionally can be of extraordinary assistance in understanding the issue. Study OF WORK Asmaa Shaker Ashoor and Sharad Gore in their examination separated the Intrusion Detection System and Intrusion Prevention System (IDS/IPS) innovation which is utilized in the PC systems. They analyze the dependability, execution and precision astute aftereffect of IDS and IPS. They featured that the significant contrast between the IDS/IPS is among their organizations over the system. IDS innovation chips away at out band framework which implies it isn't fixed with the system way yet IPS innovation deals with in-accordance with the framework, implies it can go through in the middle of the gadgets continuously. Jared Holsopple, Shanchieh Jay Yang, and Moises Sudit examines about the Present go through for battling digital assaults which are ordinarily utilized by the Intrusion Detection Sensors (IDS) to latently distinguish and square multi-stage assaults. The calculation, TANDI, helps in diminishing the difficult trouble by isolating the recreations of the attacker’s capacity and opportunity and in this manner combines the two to decide the assailants plan. The aftereffects of the examination exhibit that the calculation TANDI predicts that the future assault activity definitely as long as it's anything but a planned assault and which contains no inward dangers. Within the sight of the noxious assault occasions, the calculation TANDI, will offer alert to the system examiner for additional investigation. This can be additionally broke down with the assistance of reproduction. Nilima R. Patil and Nitin N. Patil in their paper talked about the significance of assault chart to check the potential assaults in the system. Utilizing assault chart, investigation should be possible viably. This encourages the chairmen to additionally examine the assault diagrams profoundly to know where their framework shortcomings lie. In like manner help them to choose what sort of safety efforts can be selected successful arrangement. They study various approaches to break down assault charts and to give future extension to inquire about on these assault diagrams. Rosslin John Robbles, Tai-hoon Kim, Seung Lee in their paper have demonstrated that a second level notwithstanding access control interruption restriction can significantly improve the security particularly honesty and accessibility of a framework in numerous circumstance. It demonstrated that interruption control can adequately resolve the clashing structure objectives of an interruption discovery framework by accomplishing both a high pace of identification and a low pace of mistakes. Building up an increasingly solid detachment conventions will additionally be concentrated later on explore. Meera Gandhi and S.K Srivastava in their paper featured the significance of Intrusion location in business segment and in dynamic territory of research. They portray IDS as significant device for data security. An IDS is proposed to distinguish and battle with some normal assaults over the system frameworks. In such frameworks log shows the rundown of assaults to the director for equivocal activity. This framework fills in as a perceptive gadget in case of assaults coordinated towards a whole system. In the light of the above accessible data a need has been felt to embrace comparative sort of work in the University of Jammu also. This will help in investigation of assaults got by the system of the grounds. The system is arrangement on optical fiber spine with around 100 circulated switches over the grounds. Which additionally has WI-FI remote Connectivity with passageways around 200 approx. Such an ICT office accessible over the system is assumes a significant job in helping the understudies, inquires about, instructor and staff. The quantity of clients in the UOJ grounds organize appxo 3000. Therefore the investigation of the assaults is taken up in this grounds. II EXPERIMENTAL SETUP USING UTM College of Jammu is one of the pioneer higher instructive foundations in the territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Whose vision is to be a universally serious scholarly and research organization? To accomplish University of Jammu has parcel of spotlight on the data innovation. In 2003 college began its drives to be an IT empowered college by setting up a college grounds arrange on optical fiber spine. Later this system was additionally joined with Jammu University JU Wi-Fi. This office is assuming a pivotal job so as to support the understudies, educators, specialists and authoritative staff to utilize the ICT offices accessible over the system. College of Jammu is having enormous web data transfer capacity connectivity’s to provide food the requirements of the college society. This web data transmission connectivity’s continually continues redesigning every now and then. At present college is having 40 mbps Internet data transmission 1:1 OPTICAL FIBER rent line from d ependence and 1 Giga optical fiber availability from National Knowledge Network. Understudies, scientists and training personnel can get to the insightful substance online from any area inside the grounds. There are around 37 offices containing instructing and focuses other than authoritative squares which are associated through this optical fiber spine organize. All the three young ladies and young men lodgings are additionally associated through the optical fiber spine. There are around 100 circulated switches (Cisco and Dlink) and approx. 200 indoor remote passages (Linksys and Dlink) and 18 open air passageways (Dlink) which are introduced at the different areas of these offices/squares of the college. All the equipment’s are associated through optical fiber spine to the control room grounds system of the college with Cisco impetus switches 4507R, 4506. So as to keep up such huge system and ICT Facilities University has sent an UTM gadget in the system. This UTM gadget helps the college it heads to keep up the college grounds arrange all the more proficiently. UTM introduced at the college is an item from world’s top IT security organization Cyberoam. This UTM is introduced practically all the significant scholarly organizations of the nation. The UTM gadget has various arrangements in a solitary box. It involves load adjusting of web data transmissions, Antivirus and against spam checking at the entryway level, User personality based firewall rules, portal level IDS and IPS filtering and AAA confirmations and so forth. This UTM gadget is introduced between the ISPS Routers and Cisco impetus switches with the goal that the entire traffic gets looked over the UTM gadget. All the strategies are applied on the firewall manages according to the prerequisite of the University arrange. Figure: 1 UTM Deployment in Gateway Mode With the expansion in the University system and ICT offices over this system, it is seen that the proportion of assaults likewise gets expanded. These assaults lessen the exhibition of the University Network and other ICT offices accessible. Hence to examine the sort of assaults, their criticalness and an answer how to lessen them is proposed in this paper. UTM gadget introduced in the University arrange is considered for gathering the IPS assaults information. Since it can deliver the Attack reports, this will help the University IT chairmen to see the pattern of the assaults how they are producing and influencing the framework. The basic IPS assaults will be concentrated over an opportunity to discover the examples of the assaults and their hugeness over the system applications and ports to which they are related. This investigation will support the college and different establishments which are utilizing the equivalent UTM to tweak t

Dangers of Untreated Depression in Teens

Dangers of Untreated Depression in Teens Depression Childhood Depression Print The Dangers of Untreated Depression in Teens By Kathryn Rudlin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 19, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Richard Clark / Getty Images When depression in teens is left untreated, the consequences can be severe, and in some cases, deadly. Like other illnesses, depression continues to get worse when untreated. Problems That Depressed Teenagers May Face Teens who have depression are at high risk to develop many serious problems as they struggle to cope with the emotional pain they are feeling. Although the behaviors described below are not specific to depression, they may raise some suspicion for the presence of depression or other mood disorders. Behavior Problems at Home Teens may begin to withdraw from family members for a number of reasons. But depression can lead to feelings of anger and irritability, which can result in an ongoing negative attitude or even defiance. Symptoms of depression can also cause people to feel that they are unlovable or unwanted. Problems Competing in Sports Fatigue and lack of energy are common symptoms of depression. Because of low energy levels, teens may find it more difficult to compete in sports or physical education courses. Other common symptoms such as irritability, lack of confidence, and difficulties getting along with peers can make taking part in group sports a challenge. Declining School Performance Depression can make it hard for teenagers to function fully in academic settings. Symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, lack of interest, fatigue, mood swings, and worthlessness can impair school performance. Dropping grades are sometimes a sign that a teen may be struggling with symptoms of depression. Social Issues Depression can make it difficult to relate to others. People often feel worthless or unworthy of attention from other people. People who are depressed also tend to withdraw socially, which can further contribute to feelings of loneliness and isolation. Substance Use People sometimes turn to drugs and alcohol in an effort to self-medicate, self-treat sleeping difficulties, cope with suicidal thoughts. Feelings of depression may lead teens to try drugs or alcohol, and continued use may contribute to continued feelings of depression. One study found that symptoms of depression were linked to the initiation of drug use by teens.?? Depressed Teens and Alcohol Use Risky Behavior Depression may also increase risky behaviors in teens. Such actions might include things like driving carelessly, having unprotected sex, or involvement in illegal activities. The consequences of these actions can often be devastating as well as life-altering. Self-Harm Behaviors Self-injury behaviors involve hurting oneself deliberately in an attempt to try to express or control inner pain. These actions can include cutting, burning the skin, headbanging, self-hitting, hair pulling, and skin picking. Signs of self-harm can include always wearing long-sleeves, unexplained cuts or bruises, impulsive or risky behaviors, and repeatedly rubbing areas of the body. The Warning Signs of Self-Injury Violence Towards Others Self-loathing can develop into directing anger and rage onto others. This acting out behavior will often have consequences that lead the teen to more depressive episodes. Aggression, anger, and irritability can cause friends and family to withdraw, leaving the teen even more isolated and lonely. Continued Depression One serious consequence associated with untreated depression in teens is the continuation or worsening of depression symptoms. As teens get older, they may experience recurring episodes of depression or their depressive symptoms may become more severe. The longer this continues, the more of an impact it will have on a teens ability to function. They may become increasingly isolated from friends and family, grades may suffer, and they may find it difficult to complete normal daily tasks. Untreated depression can also disrupt sleep patterns. Research has shown that sleep problems can both contribute to the onset of depression and that depression then exacerbates sleep disturbances.?? Suicide Threats or Attempts Depressed teens have a high rate of suicide due to experiencing significant emotional pain that they want to stop. According to statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, suicide is the second leading cause of death for teens in the U.S.?? Depression is a major risk factor for teen suicide. Other risk factors include family history, trauma, abuse, life stress, eating disorders, bullying, and drug or alcohol misuse. Untreated depression can affect teens in devastating ways which makes it critically important to get help for a teen who is showing signs of this condition. Teen Suicide Warning Signs and Prevention Ways Parents Can Help Because of the potential consequences of untreated depression in teens, its critical for parents to be on the lookout for signs and symptoms, which can be different from depression in adults. While teens can be moody in general, parents should be alert to signs that their child is experiencing symptoms of depression. Depression treatments are effective and can significantly improve your childs quality of life. Know the Signs Common symptoms of depression in teens include: SadnessMood swingsFrequent bouts of cryingHopelessnessFeeling worthlessLoss of interest in activitiesWithdrawing from friends and familyAppetite and weight changesIrritabilityTrouble concentratingChanges in sleep habitsTalking about death or suicide Facts About Teen Depression Get Help If you suspect that your teen is depressed or experiencing symptoms of depression, the first thing you should do is talk to your childs pediatrician. A doctor can evaluate your child and check for any underlying medical causes that may be contributing to symptoms. Your childs pediatrician can also make recommendations for treatment, including prescribing antidepressant medications or referring you to a psychiatrist or other mental health professional for further treatment. Treatment options often depend on the nature and severity of your teens symptoms. Milder symptoms may respond well to active support and lifestyle modifications. More moderate to severe cases may require psychotherapy, medication, or both. Be Supportive Parents should always take symptoms of teen depression seriously. Talk to your child, listen to what they have to say, and take their feelings seriously. Even if you dont understand what they are going through, never be dismissive of their emotions or experiences. By being a source of understanding and support, your child may be more willing to open up to you and accept help. If you think that your child may be having suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255  to talk to a trained professional in your area. How to Help Your Depressed Teenager

Awareness about Biodiversity Needs to Be Raised Essay

Biodiversity is the variety of many different kinds of plants animals in an ecosystem; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Biodiversity is important because it increases ecosystem productivity. With diverse plant/animal species ecosystems has a higher chance of recovery after a disaster, produce more potential plants that can be used in medicine, has more recreational activities which helps tourism. Biodiversity is so important because of the reasons stated previously but it also helps agriculturally-wise. With biodiversity you can grow different crops at the same time, so if a disease destroys one type of crop, you would have other different crops to depend on which can be resilient to the†¦show more content†¦Vulnerable is level where the species is at risk of becoming endangered. Extinct is when the species no longer exists on Earth. Extinct in the Wild is a level where the species is does not exist in the wild but exists in captiv ity. Not Evaluated is when the species haven’t been assessed yet/no data collected about them to be put into any other classification level. Near Threatened is a level when a species is near being endangered. If their situation continues and doesn’t change for the better the species can become endangered. Least Concern is a level where a species has been evaluated/had data collected about them but doesn’t qualify for any of the other classification levels. They have no high chance of becoming extinct and seem to be doing well living on its own in the wild. Data Deficient is a level where data has been collected about the species but it isn’t enough to put them in any of the other levels. To protect a species is to preserve its habitat by not cutting down trees and paving new roads, by having guards stationed at their areas to guard them from poachers, for people to reuse, reduce and recycle items to reduce habitat degradation from pollution, control non-n ative plant species since some native species may not be able to compete with them, to for people to support laws that protect species from illegal trade/hunting.Show MoreRelatedEnvironment Issues Face The Competition930 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironment issues face the competition to get attention with other priorities in social and economic development. Establishing environment priorities need a certain cost. A clear considerable between cost and benefit could address the problem about the affordability of environmental cost. Most countries in the world experienced in a devastating environmental degradation to give a more attention to environment such as Minamata case in Japan or fog in London (Calkins et al. 1994). 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Evaluation Of Exploratory Factor Analysis Essay - 1240 Words

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It is fast and efficient for computation .filter method can fail to select the feature that are not beneficial by themselves but can be very beneficial when unite with others. Filter method eval uates the feature by giving ranks to their evaluation value. In filter method it evaluates the correlation between the features by using criteria such as, mutual information, maximum length, maximum relevance min redundancy (mRMR), PCA. Figure 1.2 Filter approach Wrapper method: wrapper method

Death Investigations and the Role of the Forensic Nurse Free Essays

The International Association of Forensic Nurses website states, â€Å"Every state/ county has different needs and resources, and every state/county may run death investigations with a different approach. What matters is that every effort be made to ensure a thorough, accurate, and timely investigation. A faulty cause of death determination can significantly impact surviving family members, agencies responsible for planning public health policy, civil or criminal action, and even public safety. We will write a custom essay sample on Death Investigations and the Role of the Forensic Nurse or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Schindell, 2006) The possibility of forensic investigations may begin in first aid situations, or in the emergency department. The nurse’s first duty is to provide immediate care to the patient, but the nurse must also be prepared to preserve evidence for possible criminal investigations. (Dean ; Mulligan, 2009) This becomes andatory in the situation where the patient dies. It is very important that evidence and intormation surrounding the death is preserved The body should not be cleaned prior to transport to the morgue, and any tubes, IVs or other medical equipment should be left in place. The nurse on duty can be instrumental in making sure that everything remains as it was in order to make it easier for the medical examiner. The nurse must also be sure to document all procedures performed, including attempts to establish an ‘V, as well as noting all injury sites. (Erricksen, 2008, p. 40) Other investigations begin when a suspicious death is reported to the ppropriate agency. The death investigator will go to the scene in order to collect evidence, photograph the area, and gather information regarding the environment and positioning of the body. The investigator will also question witnesses, family members, and law enforcement officials to gather more information regarding the victim, including past medical history, condition prior to death, circumstances leading up to the death, if known, and if the body has been moved. This would be followed by detailed investigation of the body, any clothing, and clues to medical conditions such s medic alert bracelets or presence of insulin pumps, etc. (McDonough, 2013) The forensic nurse can perform or assist with all of these duties, and must be careful and meticulous in writing reports of their findings. The completion of good contemporaneous records may be vital to any statements of evidence that a nurse may be required to produce at a later date, to either the police or coroner. † (Dean Mulligan, 2009, p. 39) In many cases, if the primary investigator does not have medical training, the forensic nurse’s experience and knowledge can be invaluable. Schindell, 2006) Foren sic nurses can also apply information and practices from other areas to death investigations. Researchers in Alaska have determined that sex- related homicides can be difficult to properly identify, and may be under-reported for that reason. Calling upon the expertise of a Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE), the researchers were able to apply standard techniques from sexual assault cases with living victims to investigations of homicides. These techniques, especially examination with a colposcope to identify anogenital injuries, were able to identify exual assault related injuries, and to properly classify some homicides as being sex- related (Henry, 2009). Inclusion of forensic nurses in further sex-related homicides would be beneficial to law enforcement officials. â€Å"Forensic nurses have taken a leadership role in improving healthcare’s response to living victims of sexual assault and forensic pathologists and law enforcement would benefit from including a forensic nurse, specialized in sexual assault examinations, in the multidisciplinary response to deceased victims. † (Henry, 2009, p. 64) A qualified and trained forensic urse can even act as the coroner if there is no medical examiner available. In counties where non-medical Deputy Medical Examiners are being asked to conduct the majority of a death investigation, medical expertise should be readily accessible to them. A forensically trained nurse can be an ideal medical representative in these situations. † (Schindell, 2006) The primary goal of a death investigation is to determine the cause and manner of death. This can sometimes require detailed and pains taking investigation, not only of the immediate cause of death, but of possible comorbidities that may have contributed to the death. How to cite Death Investigations and the Role of the Forensic Nurse, Papers

True Educations Begins at Home free essay sample

People learn everything they know from some sort of influence. Religious groups are influenced by preachers to believe what they want. Students are influenced by teachers on what to learn. North Koreans are influenced by Kim Jong Il to do exactly as he wants. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee’s only book, Scout, a main female character has to be taught the hard way. She sees a man prosecuted and killed because of his skin color for something he clearly could not have done. She learns that prejudice is abused every day, even past times of slavery. Scout’s main motivation for not being prejudice is her father, Atticus, who defends the black man, Tom Robinson, in a clearly biased trial. Although influenced to think that she should hate black people, her true education comes from home. When one first learns to speak, who are their words learned from? They, typically, learn from their parents. We will write a custom essay sample on True Educations Begins at Home or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If someone acts poorly, they are usually punished at home. Outer influences can affect someone’s decision to do something wrong, and, if brought up well, this person will not make these poor decisions. Scout is enticed to hate black people, but Atticus teaches her why humans are all equal. Jem, Scout’s older brother, learns as he matures that one should accept people for who they are. After Tom gets accused of being guilty, Jem even cries. In essence, Jem and Scout are both taught from home how to act throughout life. When Scout begins talking to Miss Maudie and Dill, she hears wild stories of the man who is locked inside his house for fifteen years, and once he is in his thirties, he attacks his father with a pair of scissors. This man is Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley. Atticus catches his children and Dill trying to lure him out of the house and teaches them that not everything they hear is true (although, this rumor is true. The children quit provoking Boo for a while, but near the end of the book, they meet him on person after he saves their lives from a drunken man. They learn that Atticus was right in saying that not everything that one hears is true. I have learned nearly all I know from my mother and father. They have taught me basic skills, as well as proper etiquette. I have had many mentors in my life, and I believe that my parents are the best ones I have and will have. They have taught me all I need to know in my life from home.

A Guide to Ethnomethodology

A Guide to Ethnomethodology Ethnomethodology is the study of how people use social interaction to maintain an ongoing sense of reality in a situation. To gather data, ethnomethodologists rely on ​conversation analysis and a rigorous set of techniques for systematically observing and recording what happens when people interact in natural settings. It is an attempt to classify the actions people take when they are acting in groups.   Origins of Ethnomethodology Harold Garfinkel originally came up with the idea for ethnomethodology at jury duty. He wanted to explain how the people organized themselves into a jury. He was interested in how people act in particular social situations, especially ones outside of the daily norm like serving as a juror.   Examples of Ethnomethodology A conversation is a social process that requires certain things in order for participants to identify it as a conversation and keep it going. People look at each other, nod their heads in agreement, ask and respond to questions, etc. If these methods are not used correctly, the conversation breaks down and is replaced by another sort of social situation.

Spring Break Guide for College Students

Spring Break Guide for College Students Spring break- that last little bit of time off before the end of the academic year. Its something everyone looks forward to because its one of the few times in college you truly get a break from the grind. At the same time, a week goes by fast, and you dont want to head back to class feeling youve wasted your free time. No matter what year you are in school, your budget or your vacation style, here are several ideas for what you can do to make the most out of your spring break. 1. Go Home If you go to school away from home, taking a trip back can be a nice change of pace from college life. And if youre one of those students who isnt great at setting aside time to call Mom and Dad or keeping up with friends at home, this is a great opportunity to make up for it. This can be one of your most affordable options, too, if youre trying to save money. 2. Volunteer See if any service-oriented campus organizations are putting together a volunteer-based spring break trip. Service trips like that offer a great opportunity to see a different part of the country (or the world) while helping others. If youre not interested in traveling far or cant afford a trip, ask organizations in your hometown if they could use a volunteer for a week. 3. Stay on Campus Whether you live really far away or youre just dont want to pack up for a week, you may be able to stay on campus during spring break. (Check your schools policies.) With most people gone on break, you can enjoy a quieter campus, rest up, catch up on school work or explore parts of town youve never had time to visit. 4. Revisit Your Hobbies Is there something you enjoy doing that you havent been able to continue doing at school? Drawing, wall climbing, creative writing, cooking, crafting, playing video games, playing music- whatever it is you love to do, make some time for it during spring break. 5. Take a Road Trip You dont have to drive across the country, but think about loading up your car with snacks and a couple of friends and hitting the road. You could check out some local tourist attractions, visit state or national parks or do a tour of your friends hometowns. 6. Visit a Friend If your spring breaks line up, plan to spend time with a friend who doesnt go to school with you. If your breaks dont fall at the same time, see if you can spend a few days where they live or at their school so you can catch up. 7. Do Something You Dont Get to Do at School What dont you have time for because of the busyness of class and extracurricular activities? Going to the movies? Camping? Reading for fun? Make time for one or more of those things you love to do. 8. Go on a Group Vacation This is the quintessential spring break. Get together with a bunch of your friends or classmates and plan a big trip. These vacations can cost more than many other spring break options, so do your best to plan in advance so you can save up. Ideally youll be able to save a lot by carpooling and sharing lodging. 9. Take a Family Trip When was the last time your family took a vacation together? If youd like to spend more time with your family, propose a vacation during your spring break. 10. Make Some Extra Cash You probably cant find a new job for just a week, but if you had a summer job or worked in high school, ask your employer if they could use some help while youre home. You could also ask your parents if theres any extra work at their jobs that you could help with. 11. Job Hunt Whether you need a summer gig, want an internship or are looking for your first post-grad job, spring break is a great time to focus on your job hunt. If youre applying to or attending grad school in the fall, spring break is a good time to prepare. 12. Catch Up on Assignments It may feel like youll never make up the work if youve fallen behind in class, but you might be able to catch up during spring break. Set goals for how much time you want to dedicate to studying, so you dont get to the end of break and realize youre farther behind than you were before. 13. Relax The demands of college will intensify after you get back from break, so make sure youre ready to face them. Get plenty of sleep, eat well, spend time outside, listen to music- do whatever you can to make sure you get back to school refreshed.

The breakdown of American family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The breakdown of American family - Essay Example This paper discusses some of the most important problems of Americans today and discusses their cause-and-effect relationship with the breakdown of family. Problems discussed are drug addiction among teenagers, teenage pregnancy, abortion, and suicide among Americans. Drug addiction is on a rise in America today. A lot of teenagers fall prey to this habit and end up ruining their academic and professional career and in the long run, their life. Teenagers adopt this habit because of lack of parental supervision. This is the reason why drug addiction among teenagers is far lesser in the more reserved and family-oriented nations as compared to America. Teenage pregnancy is another outcome of breakdown of the family in America. Teenagers have no one to keep a check over them taking benefit of which, they indulge in physical relationships with their fellows before the appropriate age. This causes increase of pregnancy among teenagers and also abortion. Rather than accepting the responsibi lity, teenage girls tend to come out of it as soon as they realize that they are pregnant and thus, go for the abortion. The increasing suicide rate is the outcome of depression caused by the feeling of guilt and trauma because of such wrong decisions in life as drug addiction and physical relationships. ... This has promoted the culture of cohabitation in America which is one of the biggest threats to the sacred institution of marriage. People tend to cohabit as it relieves them from the financial and legal implications of the marriage. On the other hand, people that do marry have large tendency to have their marriage failed, because the partners have not learnt to compromise from their parents. Thus, breakdown of the family system in America is both a cause and effect of the increasing divorce rate among the Americans. The family system promotes a healthy culture wherein people can relate to one another psychologically and emotionally. Members of a family assume certain roles and responsibilities that they are obliged to perform in the capacity of the family-member. Rights come with responsibilities. Parents can only have a right over their children and their lives when they have grown up if they have been fulfilling their responsibilities as parents when the children were young and re ally needed their attention. Love of a mother and a father is essential to the development of confidence, self-esteem and most importantly, the identity of a child. It is the very lack of identity caused by the breakdown of the family that inculcates carelessness, irresponsibility and self-centeredness in people and they indulge in such behaviors that cause them to repent in the long run. â€Å"[T]he importance of the family in binding generation to generation, inspiring love and intimacy in the home, and fostering industry and lawfulness within the broader community† cannot be overemphasized (Carlson). Concluding, sustenance of a strong family system is fundamental to the solution of

White Collar and Corporate Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

White Collar and Corporate Crime - Essay Example Concealment of misconduct usually involves falsifying records or documents to disguise discrepancies. The higher the degree of effort to conceal a corporate misconduct the more difficult detection will be for unsuspecting management, the public, investors, directors, auditors, and the government. Crime was defined only by traditional "street crimes" during the 30-year period between 1940 and 1970, and there was minimal public concern with the issue of corporate criminal conduct. Since the early 1970s, however, "crime in the suites" has emerged as an important political, social, and economic problem. The extent and seriousness of criminal behavior by corporations, corporate officials, and employees led to the development of organized crime as a separate type of white-collar crime and, more importantly, an increased recognition of the need for criminal statutes that address corporate misconduct and more severe criminal corporate sanctions (Clinard, Marshall, and Peter Yeager. 1980, 132). Sutherland defined white-collar crime as "crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation," and used the term to refer primarily to "business managers and executives." (Edwin Sutherland, 1961, p. 19) His studies and conclusions indicate, however, that white-collar c... Organized crimes were initially defined as "the offenses committed by corporate officials for their corporation and the offenses of the corporation itself" and occupational crimes were the "offenses committed by individuals for themselves in the course of their occupations and the offenses of employees against their employers." (Marshall B. Clinard and Richard Quinney, 1973, p. 188). Occupational crimes are committed by lawyers, doctors, businessmen, and politicians, for example, and may include crimes like income tax evasion, embezzlement, and check kiting. Corporate crimes are organizational crimes and can only occur in the context of the complicated relationships among executives, corporate officers, managers, and corporate agents on the one hand, and among parent corporations, corporate divisions, and subsidiaries on the other hand. Nevertheless, a distinctive feature of organized crime is that the crime is committed primarily for the benefit of an ongoing legitimate business enterprise rather than for the individual who actually carries out the offense. Thus, organized crime is a specific type or form of white-collar crime and includes criminal conduct, intended to benefit the corporation, by corporations and by individual corporate employees, officials, or agents. In the late 1980s and early 1990s has served to bring potentially dangerous corporate activities to the general attention of the public and has inspired the academic legal community to pay greater consideration to several very basic questions concerning the potential use of the criminal law in this area. (Fisse, B And Braithwaite, J, 1993, 134) The criminal statistics show unequivocally that crime, as

Evaluation of theories and practices of Councelling

Evaluation of theories and practices of Councelling Discuss two approaches, evaluate their theory and practice. Which approach is your preference and why? Counselling has been defined by the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP, 2009) as talking therapy, which involves a contractual arrangement between the therapist and the client where they meet, in privacy and confidence, to explore a difficulty or distress the client may be experiencing (p. 1). It works through the development of a therapeutic relationship whereby the counsellor actively and attentively listens to the client in order to gain insight and understanding into the difficulties the client is confronted with, from the clients perspective. Using different techniques, the counsellor can try to help the client to work through these difficulties, to understand them, and to solve them or accept them, depending on what the difficulties are. Importantly, counselling does not work by the provision of advice or direction; instead, the counsellor helps the client to gain mastery in directing their own lives. Counselling can be short-term or long-term, as well as individual or provided to families, couples, or organisations (Coren, 2001). Counselling techniques and methods will vary according to the approach or theoretical basis from which a counsellor works. Examples of different approaches to counselling include cognitive-behavioural therapy, solution-focused counselling, art therapy, person-centred counselling, psychodynamic counselling, and trauma therapy. A counsellor might adopt one approach within all of their work or take an eclectic approach whereby the theoretical framework adopted depends on the client (e.g. their age) or the problem (e.g. depression, phobia). The two counselling approaches discussed within this essay are person-centred counselling and cognitive-behavioural therapy. The theory underlying these approaches will be outlined, followed by examples of techniques used, and evidence of efficacy. Person-centred counselling, also known as client-centred or Rogerian counselling, is a humanistic approach to counselling founded by Carl Rogers in the 1950s (Rogers, 1951). The approach is based on the assumption that human beings are experts of themselves and that they have access to their own innate expert resources of self-understanding and self-direction. The role of the counsellor is thus to provide a facilitative environment and relationship for the client to find these resources within themselves. In order to provide this facilitative environment and relationship, the counsellor basis their interactions with the client on three key principles: 1) They are congruent (genuine) with the client, which can involve the counsellor showing their own human traits through appropriate and well-timed personal disclosure. This contrasts many other approaches to counselling, which tend to promote a more formal relationship between counsellor and client. 2) They provide unconditional positive regard, even if a client divulges something that the counsellor disagrees with; the counsellor remains accepting and caring of the client. Rogers believed this was important for clients to grow and reach their full potential. 3) They express  empathy (the ability to understand what the client is feeling) and  understanding towards the client. By providing empathy, the clients feelings are validated, which can be an important part of moving through and beyond those feelings. These three key principles demonstrate how the primary focus in person-centred counselling is the relationship between the counsellor and client. The person-centred counsellor seeks to establish a trusting relationship with the client in whom the client can gradually confront anxieties, confusion and other negative emotions. Central to person-centred counselling is the notion of self-concept, which refers to the perceptions and beliefs the client holds about themselves. The self-concept is influenced by an individuals experience of the world and comprises three components: Self-worth (self-esteem) thoughts about the self, which develop in early childhood and from experiences with parents or guardians. Self-image perceptions of the self, including body image, which can influence personality. Ideal self the self a person would like to be, including goals and ambitions. The  self-concept  is not necessarily consistent with how others view the client, as is the case in people with low self-esteem or conditions such as body dysmorphic disorder (characterised by perceived defects in physical appearance). Rogers based person-centred counselling the assumption that all human beings are seeking a positive self-concept (self-actualisation). It is this innate motivation towards self-fulfilment that is nurtured during person-centred counselling, with the emphasis again being on the clients own resources. Rogers has been criticised for having an overly optimistic view of human beings (Chantler, 2004), as well as focusing too much on a clients ideal self without considering whether this ideal self is realistic (Wilkins, 2003). However, despite this criticism, there is strong evidence supporting the efficacy of the person-centred approach, including a UK-based meta-analysis of scientific studies (Elliot and Freire, 2008). This meta-analysis demonstrated large pre- and post- changes in therapeutic outcomes that were maintained in the long-term. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) was founded in the 1960s by Aaron Beck when he observed that during counselling sessions, his clients tended to have an internal dialogue that was often negative and self-defeating. Furthermore, this internal dialogue was observed to influence behaviour. This led to the hypothesis that changing these internal dialogues would lead to changes in behaviour. Thus, CBT focuses on the thoughts, images, beliefs and attitudes held by the client and how these relate to the clients behaviour or way of dealing with emotional problems. CBT takes a problem-solving approach to counselling, where the client and counsellor work collaboratively to understand problems and to develop strategies for tackling them. Clients are taught by counsellors, through guidance and modelling, a new set of skills that they can utilise when confronted with a particular problem. These skills are often focused on reframing negative self-talk in an effort to change ones interpretation of the problem. An event is not necessarily the problem, but more so the individuals interpretation of the event. CBT focuses on the present rather than the past, but does examine how self-defeating thinking patterns might have been formed in early childhood and the impact patterns of thinking might have on how the world is interpreted in the present, as an adult. These patterns of thinking can then be challenged by the counsellor and altered to fit the present. Taking a problem-solving approach means that CBT can offer effective outcomes in relatively short periods of time, most often 3-6 months. As an example, interpersonal psychotherapy for eating disorders has been found to take 8-12 weeks longer than CBT in order to achieve comparable outcomes (Agras et al., 2000). This is an obvious advantage the CBT approach has over other forms of counselling, making it a popular technique and the leading treatment for some mental health issues, such as bulimia (Wilson, Grilo, and Vitousek, 2007). The technique has even been incorporated into health interventions designed to assist overweight and obese individuals in losing weight (Wylie-Rosett et al., 2001) and to facilitate smoking cessation initiatives (Sussman, Ping, and Dent, 2006). CBT differs from other counselling approaches in that sessions have a structure, rather than the person talking freely about whatever comes to mind. At the beginning of counselling, the client meets the counsellor so that they can collaboratively set therapeutic goals to work towards. These goals then become the basis for planning the content of sessions as well as for assigning homework between sessions. The reason for having this structure is that it helps to use the therapeutic time efficiently and ensures that important information is not overlooked. Homework between sessions enables the client to practice and gain mastery in new skills with the opportunity to discuss any problems encountered in the next session. The counsellor takes a more active role at the beginning of counselling and as skills are mastered and the client grasps the principles they find helpful, the client is encouraged to take more responsibility for the content of sessions. The aim is that when the therapeut ic relationship comes to an end, the client is sufficiently empowered to continue working  independently. CBT also differs from other approaches in the nature of the relationship between counsellor and client. Some counselling approaches encourage the client to depend on the counsellor, as part of the treatment process, in an effort to build trust. CBT favours a more equal relationship that is more formal, problem-focused and practical. Such a relationship has been coined by Beck as collaborative empiricism, which emphasises the importance of client and counsellor working together to test out how the ideas behind CBT might apply to the clients individual circumstances (Beck, et al., 1979, Chap. 3). As demonstrated, patient-centred counselling and CBT are very different approaches to counselling, both in terms of structure and the role of the counsellor. In terms of preference, it could be argued that both are valuable, effective approaches to counselling. Evidence shows that they both work and thus preference would be better decided with consideration of the client and their individual needs. Whilst person-centred counselling might be preferable for a client with trust issues or who requires extensive examination of past trauma, CBT might be preferable for someone with an immediate problem or phobia to solve or someone whose problems are primarily governed by negative self-talk. Since CBT works with cognitions and behaviour and person-centred counselling works more with affect and emotion, their application needs to be based on individual context. Agras, W.S., et al., 2000. A multicentre comparison of cognitive behavioural therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, pp.459-466. Beck, A. T., et al., (1979).  Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press. British Association of Counselling Psychotherapy 2009. Ethical Framework for Good Practice in Counselling Psychotherapy. Available from: http://www.bacp.co.uk [cited 09 January 2010]. Chantler, K., 2004. Double-edged sword: power and person-centred counselling. In Moodley, R., Lago, C., and Talahite, A. eds. Carl Rogers counsels a black client. Herefordshire: PCCS Books. Coren, A., 2001. Short- Term Psychotherapy: A Psychodynamic Approach. Palgrave Publishers Ltd. Elliott, R. and Freire, B., 2008. Person-Centred Experiential Therapies Are Highly Effective: Summary of the 2008 Meta-analysis. http://www.bapca.co.uk/uploads/files/Meta-Summary091708.doc. [cited 09 January 2011]. Rogers, Carl.,1951. Client-centered Therapy: Its Current Practice, Implications and Theory. London: Constable. Sussman, S., Sun, P., and Dent, C. W., 2006. A meta-analysis of teen cigarette smoking cessation. Health Psychology, 25(5), pp.549-557. Training and careers in counselling and psychotherapy (BACP) 2009. [online]. http://www.bacp.co.uk/admin/structure/files/pdf/811_t1.pdf [cited 09 January 2011]. Wilkins P.2003 Person-centred therapy in focus. London: SAGE publications Wilson, G.T., Grilo, C.M., and Vitousek, K.M. 2007. Psychological treatment of eating disorders. The  American Journal of Psychology, 62, pp.199-216. Wylie-Rosett., et al., 2001. Computerized weight loss intervention optimizes staff time. Journal of American Dietetic Association, 101, pp. 1155-1162.

Critical Evaluation of the Benefits and Limitations of Using Ict in Knowledge Management Processes Essay

1. 0 Introduction Knowledge management can be considered to be an essential strategic function in any organisation today. As the world becomes more globalised, and traditional structures of intermediation are removed whilst new ones are created, it is clear that knowledge, and consequently a learning organisation is one that is more likely to find unique sources of competitive advantage, and be able to develop sustainable competitive strategies in the long term. A number of different processes and sub-processes have been identified with knowledge management, such as knowledge generation, knowledge codification, and knowledge transfer or realisation (Grover and Davenport, 2001). Nonaka (1994) suggests that knowledge itself is created through the conversion between tacit and explicit knowledge, through the processes of socialisation, internalisation, externalisation, and combination. Technology has often been used to facilitate and support the processes involved in knowledge management. Knowledge management is essential for sustaining the growth of an organisation and ensuring its success. From the perspective of investors, the worth or value of an organisation is as a result of its ability to strategically retain and generate knowledge that facilitates the organisation’s business activity. The sharing of practices throughout the organisational hierarchy, and adoption of effective techniques formulated by individuals having great expertise in the relevant field can help to improve the efficiency of the business activity. Yet the intertwining of knowledge management processes and information and communication technologies (ICT) may blind knowledge managers to the shortcomings of the use of ICT in knowledge management processes. This essay therefore seeks to present a critical evaluation of the benefits and limitations of ICT in knowledge management processes. 2. 0 Benefits of Using ICT Knowledge management is essential for sustaining the growth of an organisation. From the perspective of investors, the worth or value of an organisation is as a result of its ability to strategically retain and generate knowledge that facilitates the organisation’s business activity. The sharing of practices throughout the organisational hierarchy, and adoption of effective techniques formulated by individuals having great expertise in the relevant field can help to improve the efficiency of the business activity. Wenger et al (2010) explain that one of the main advantages of technology is that it has allowed communities to interact in new ways. In fact, new technology that was developed to facilitate interaction between communities was often the result of a need that was felt by these communities, for a tool to facilitate interaction within the community. The technology tools help communities to bridge problems such as time and space, participation and reification, etc. Examples of such tools include the Internet itself, wikis, etc. In terms of knowledge management processes, these communication tools are important because they facilitate communication between two or more people, and consequently tacit knowledge sharing within the community. Kelly (2009) explains that the technological dimensions are part and parcel of effective knowledge management. Some of the technologies which are essential for modern knowledge management processes include business intelligence, CRM (Customer relationship management software), collaboration, distributed learning, knowledge mapping, etc. Databases can be used as knowledge repositories, as well as for storing structured and unstructured knowledge; they may also be used to identify the people (tacit knowledge holders) within the organisation. Each of these different set of technological tools facilitate different knowledge management processes. For example, business intelligence software allows the firm to create knowledge about its competitors, and the broader economic environment. Collaboration and distributed learning technologies allows individuals within the organisation to communicate and share knowledge, allowing for geographical and structural barriers to be overcome. This is especially important in today’s globalised world. Technology simplifies the flow of knowledge and accelerates its dissemination and assimilation. Knowledge discovery technologies allow the firm to find new knowledge, either within the organisation itself, or outside; knowledge mapping technologies facilitate the tracking of knowledge sources effectively, etc. Overall, it can be said that the different aspects of knowledge creation, transfer and storage is facilitated through technological infrastructure. Introducing technology in knowledge management will reduce redundancy in the activities of an organisation. It can enhance productivity and can be used for skill development. Promoting client value can also simplified by using technology for knowledge management. Improved and efficient use of knowledge management offers competitive benefits in the market. It leverages an organisation and makes it better prepared to face uncertainties both on a local and global scale. The sharing of practices, techniques and information with partners around the globe, made easy by technology can help streamline business processes which otherwise may be inefficient and wasteful i. e. aligning the organisational objectives with the available resources to successfully conduct the business activity can be greatly enhanced with the use of technology in knowledge management. Zack, 1999) 3. 0 Limitations of Using ICT Boland et al (2004) opine that much of the effort to design information technology to support some of the higher level knowledge management functions such as cognition and decision making at the managerial level have severe shortcomings. They highlight some of the problems inherent with using ICT such functions, explaining that as the collection of representations grows, as in hypertext, it becomes increasingly difficult to navigate through the collection. Help is required, and this help is the price that has to be paid for richer communication. Then there is multiplicity, where each of the actors have their own interpretations of the same situation; these multiple interpretations are required in order to support individual reflective thought as well as group dialog. Clearly, technology is not sufficiently advanced yet to support these high level rich communication that is required for knowledge management. Roberts (2010) is rather critical of the ability of ICT to contribute to knowledge transfer, especially tacit knowledge transfer. She states that technology has been proven to be very useful for the transfer of codified knowledge, i. . explicit knowledge, but is still relatively less useful for the transfer of tacit knowledge. Furthermore, the impact of ICT on the production processes even in the knowledge based economy of today, which is highly dependent on technology, is unevenly distributed. This is because technology is yet to be able to replace, much less enhance certain forms of human interaction. Roberts (ibid) further explains that knowledge is a very complex construct, resulting in technology being inadequate to fully facilitate knowledge transfer (esp. acit knowledge). For example, she highlights that tacit knowledge transfer requires antecedents such as trust, mutual understanding, and many other factors that can be established only through face to face interaction (Jarvenpaa and Leidner, 1998). Hislop (2002) explains that the sharing of knowledge between communities is very complex and not straightforward. Different organisations may experience different problems with the sharing of knowledge, because of different factors. Any application of technology for the purposes of knowledge sharing therefore should take into account the potential difficulties involved in knowledge sharing across communities. Knowledge sharing within communities is made more complex also when there is a lack of the sense of collective identity as well as a significant common knowledge base. Divergent identities means that there may be perceived or actual differences in interest between two or more communities, creating a potential for conflict. Walsham (2001) provides many examples of where ICT is inadequate for knowledge management. For example, he shows that the knowledge management processes are particularly complex when working across different cultures. The workers in different cultures based their specialist expertise on different foundations (such as experience, or theoretical knowledge) resulting in different methods of knowledge transmission through the product cycle. These different workers from different cultures would then give different degrees of importance to technology, and the different emphases on face to face contact. Walsham (ibid) further suggests that the role of technology in knowledge management processes is limited to facilitating communication, such as through the creation of safe enclaves for online communication. He also stresses that the use of technology should be context-dependant. In fact, Newell et al (in Prichard, 2000) rightly point out that technology has been considered to be essential in knowledge management, but is actually based on ‘nebulous concepts’. However, the increasing pervasiveness of technology in organisations, and the different ways in which it can be put to use creates its own problems. They explain that the routine use and reliance on IT cuts across different managerial specialisms, and increases the levels of uncertainty about the relationship between the use of the technology and the pursuit of the organisational goals. This means that many organisations perhaps adopt technology for the sake of adopting technology. However, this should not be the case, as IT is just a tool like any other, to be used to achieve a particular purpose. The relative sophistication of the tool tends to blind managers as to the fact that it is a tool, and using the tool becomes the goal. This is detrimental to the organisation’s long term prospects. Hislop (2010) explains that it is the fundamental nature of knowledge that makes it extremely difficult for technology to play a central role in the knowledge sharing processes. This is because very specific conditions are required for ICT-based knowledge sharing to take place successfully. From the practical perspective, the tacit and explicit division of types of knowledge has worked well; viewing knowledge through a different lens does not do away with the problems that arise when technology is to be used in the knowledge management processes. McKinlay (2002) also points out that there may be other dangers associated with the over reliance on technology for knowledge management. For example, he explains that team work is used for knowledge sharing, because it was able to result in the extraction of tacit knowledge hidden in the routines of team work; this extraction of tacit knowledge could then allow for its conversion into codified knowledge. If team work were to be abolished totally, then the team working routines which facilitated the extraction of the tacit knowledge would not take place; consequently, the extraction of tacit knowledge would also not take place. Furthermore, he points out that the use of technology often results in formal working practises. However, there are ‘relatively frubby and pedestrian forms of knowledge’ that are very important for knowledge creation, in the form of radical product and process innovation. From this it can be seen that the over emphasis on the use of technology in knowledge management can actually be counter productive, and result in less effective knowledge management. Jackson (1999) explains that one of the major problems with the use of technology in knowledge management processes is that both technological and business changes are taking place at a very rapid pace. This means that human beings have very little time to get to grip with the change, and assess the impact of these changes. There is also consequently even less time for reflection on the type of systems and competencies needed, and to create new configurations of work based on these new technologies. In addition to this there is also the issue of cost effectiveness, which underlies all effort in the business environment. If any task is not cost effective, it should not be undertaken. However, the pace of progress of technology cannot be predicted, and this undermines the cost efficiency of any effort relating to the assessment and effective implementation of technology in knowledge management processes. Overall, it can be said that it is clear that the blind use of technology in knowledge management processes has a number of disadvantages which should not be ignored by any good knowledge manager. 3. 0 Conclusion Clearly, the role of ICT in knowledge management is one that is evolving. This is because not only is knowledge management itself evolving, but technology itself is developing at a rapid pace. ICTs have been shown to bring a number of benefits to the various knowledge management processes, and can be considered to be essential for these processes. However, it was also shown that ICTs are not sufficiently developed to be able to replace face to face interaction in knowledge management processes. In fact, it is shown that ICT is still highly inadequate in replacing the antecedents required for higher level knowledge management processes that are provided by face to face communications. Hence it can be said that knowledge managers must use ICT in a considered manner. Neither can they ignore the benefits of ICT to some knowledge management processes, nor can they ignore the limitations of ICT for the other knowledge management processes.

Essay about Phi 103 Final Gay Marriage - 1230 Words

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The Negative Impact of the Great Depression on Canada

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